[Shock treatment in pediatric patients: a challenge to be faced].

نویسنده

  • Roberto Sapolnik
چکیده

* Coordenador da UTI Pediátrica do Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA. Diarista da UTI Pediátrica do Hospital Aliança, Salvador, BA. Presidente do Dep. de Pediatria da Sociedade Baiana de Terapia Intensiva-AMIB. Os cuidados de terapia intensiva pediátrica alcançaram enormes avanços nas últimas três décadas. A sobrevida de crianças com doenças graves, como leucemias e cardiopatias congênitas, melhorou muito, porém a diminuição da mortalidade veio acompanhada de elevada morbidade. Crianças com doenças crônicas, com cânceres e vítimas de politraumatismos são muito mais suscetíveis às infecções graves, aumentando a incidência de sepse e choque séptico em pediatria em mais de 150% desde a década de 80. Em países desenvolvidos, como nos Estados Unidos, até 0,5 mortes/1.000 habitantes ocorrem todos os anos decorrentes de quadros sépticos. Diversas modalidades terapêuticas têm sido empregadas, a maioria delas baseadas nos princípios do equilíbrio da oxigenação tecidual (oferta e consumo de oxigênio) nos estados de choque1. Reanimação volumétrica com cristalóides (soro fisiológico) e colóides (albumina), transfusão de hemoderivados, antimicrobianos, imunoterapia e suporte nutricional, associados aos cuidados de terapia intensiva pediátrica, são aspectos importantes da terapêutica da criança em sepse. Porém, o uso de fármacos com ação sobre o sistema cardiocirculatório constitui etapa fundamental para o restabelecimento do equilíbrio entre oferta e consumo de oxigênio e correção da disóxia que ocorre na sepse, com normalização das funções orgânicas. São muitas as opções de tratamento, ocasionando enorme controvérsia sobre qual a melhor alternativa. Poucas dúvidas existem sobre a necessidade de reposição volumétrica agressiva, mas o uso de drogas vasoativas (dopamina, dobutamina, adrenalina e noradrenalina) varia, não só em função da enfermidade, mas também da preferênTratamento de choque em pediatria: um desafio a ser resolvido

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Jornal de pediatria

دوره 78 6  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2002